Center Street

Center Street in Des Moines was once the heart of the city's African American community, serving as a vibrant business and cultural hub from the mid-20th century. It was home to a thriving network of Black-owned businesses, including barber shops, restaurants, clubs, and service establishments that provided economic opportunities and stability for residents. Beyond commerce, Center Street was a vital gathering place where the Black community fostered connections, celebrated cultural traditions, and built a strong sense of solidarity.

During the 1945-1960 period, Center Street flourished as a center of social and cultural life. It was known for its lively entertainment scene, featuring jazz clubs and social venues where residents could come together to enjoy music, community events, and celebrations. The street’s Black-owned institutions and businesses not only provided essential goods and services but also reinforced a sense of pride and self-sufficiency within Des Moines’ African American population.

However, the construction of Interstate 235 in the 1960s led to the destruction of much of Center Street. As part of a broader wave of urban renewal projects across the United States, the highway expansion displaced residents and demolished businesses, permanently altering the landscape of the community. While the project was framed as a modernization effort, its impact disproportionately affected Black neighborhoods, contributing to economic instability and cultural loss. The destruction of Center Street reflected a national trend in which infrastructure projects often disrupted thriving Black communities in the name of progress.

The loss of Center Street remains a significant chapter in Des Moines’ history, representing both the resilience of the African American community and the challenges of systemic displacement. While the physical structures may no longer stand, the legacy of Center Street endures through historical preservation efforts and the continued contributions of Des Moines’ Black community. Remembering its history serves as a reminder of the cultural and economic hubs that once flourished and the ongoing need to support and uplift Black-owned businesses and community spaces today.